Vacant rooms? The secondary use of stem-galls by ants in Eremanthus erythropappus (Asteraceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24221/jeap.6.2.2021.3276.108-112Palavras-chave:
ecosystem engineers, Serra do Cipó, community structure, insect gallsResumo
Galls are atypical proliferations of plant tissue induced by highly specialized herbivores, such as some insect groups. Although gall inducers create these structures for their own purpose (food, habitat, protection against natural enemies, and harsh weather), many other organisms can use galls as secondary inhabitants. The creation of new and better habitats with ameliorated micro-environmental conditions allows for the use of many other organisms, and as such, some galling insects are considered "micro" ecosystem engineers. This study characterized the occurrence of ants in microhabitats created by a gall-inducing cecidomyiidae associated with Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) Mac. Leish (Asteraceae). It was 153 individuals of ants belonging to three species in 19 galls (9.5%) from the 200 galls sampled. The most common ant species found was Myrmelachista gallicola Mayr (Formicinae), including a single queen and larvae individuals. Galls occupied by these ants were 11.5% larger compared to unoccupied galls (gall diameter: occupied galls - 10.00 ± 2.09 mm; unoccupied galls - 8.97 ± 1.90 mm). Abandoned galls might promote the diversity of other organisms, especially for opportunistic dwellers such as ants.Downloads
Referências
Almeida, M. F. B.; Santos, L. R.; Carneiro, M. A. A. 2014. Senescent stem-galls in trees of Eremanthus erythropappus as a resource for arboreal ants. Rev. Bras. Entomol., 58, 265-272.
Araújo, L. M.; Lara, A. C. F.; Fernandes, G. W. 1995. Utilization of Apion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) galls by an ant community in southeastern Brazil. Trop. Zool., 8, 319-324.
Coelho, M. S.; Carneiro, M. A. A.; Branco, C.; Fernandes, G. W. 2013. Gall-inducing insects from Serra do Cabral, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Biota Neotrop., 13, 102-109.
Craig, T. P.; Araújo, L. M.; Itami, J. K.; Fernandes, G.W. 1991. Development of the insect community centered on a leaf bud gall formed by a weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Xylopia (Annonaceae). Rev. Bras. Entomol., 35, 311-317.
Crawford, K. M.; Crutsinger, G. M.; Sanders, N. J. 2007. Host-plant genotypic diversity mediates the distribution of an ecosystem engineer. Ecology, 88, 2114-2120.
Fernandes, G. W.; Boecklen, W. J.; Martins, R. P.; Castro, A. G. 1988. Ants associated with a coleopterous leaf-bud gall on Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae). P. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 91, 81-87.
Fernandes, G. W.; Fagundes, M.; Woodman, R. L.; Price, P. W. 1999. Ant effects on three-trophic level interactions: plant, galls, and parasitoids. Ecol. Entomol., 24, 411-415.
Fukui, A. 2001. Indirect interactions mediated by leaf shelters in animal-plant communities. Popul. Ecol., 43, 31-40.
Giannetti, D.; Castracani, C.; Spotti, F. A.; Mori, A.; Grasso, D.A. Gall-colonizing ants and their role as plant defenders: From ‘bad job’ to ‘useful service’. Insects, 10, 392, 1-19.
Hawkins, B.A.; Unruh, T.R. 1988. Protein and water levels in Asphondylia atriplicis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) galls. Southwest. Nat., 33, 114-117.
Jones, C. G.; Lawton, J. H.; Shachak, M. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology, 78, 1946-1957.
Larsson, S.; Haggstrom, H.; Denno, R. F. 1997. Preference for protected feeding sites by larvae of the willow-feeding leaf beetle Galerucella lineola. Ecol. Entomol., 22, 445-452.
Maruyama, P. K.; Nahas, L.; Moura-Neto, C.; Santos, J.C. 2012. Gall-inducing nematodes as ecosystem engineers for arthropods associated with its host plant in the Cerrado of Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna E., 47, 131-138.
Quirán, E. M.; Martínez J. J. 2006. Redescripción de la obrera de Myrmelachista gallicola (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y primera cita para la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina). Rev. Soc. Entomol. Arg., 65, 89-92.
Sanver, D. & Hawkins, B.A. 2000. Galls as habitats: the inquiline communities of insect galls. Basic Appl. Ecol., 1, 3-11.
Sugiura, S.; Yamazaki, K. 2009. Gall-attacking behavior in phytophagous insects, with emphasis on Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Terr. Arthropod Rev., 2, 41-61.
Wheeler, J.; Longino, J. T. 1988. Arthropods in live oak galls in Texas. Entomol. News, 991, 25-29.
Yamazaki, K; Sugiura S. 2008. Arthropods associated with bacterium galls on Wisteria. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 43, 191-196.
Zar, J. H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. Upper Saddle River (NJ), Prentice-Hall, Fourth edition.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Jean Carlos Santos, Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama, Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Material protegido por direitos autorais e plágio. No caso de material com direitos autorais ser reproduzido no manuscrito, a atribuição integral deve ser informada no texto; um documento comprobatório de autorização deve ser enviado para a Comissão Editorial como documento suplementar. É da responsabilidade dos autores, não do JEAP ou dos editores ou revisores, informar, no artigo, a autoria de textos, dados, figuras, imagens e/ou mapas publicados anteriormente em outro lugar. Se existir alguma suspeita sobre a originalidade do material, a Comissão Editorial pode verificar o manuscrito por plágio. Nos casos em que trechos já publicados em outro documento for confirmado, o manuscrito será devolvido sem revisão adicional e sem a possibilidade de nova submissão. Autoplágio (ou seja, o uso de frases idênticas de documentos publicados anteriormente pelo mesmo autor) também não é aceitável.
Direitos autorais: Autor
Material protected by copyright and plagiarism rights. In the case of copyrighted material being reproduced in a manuscript, full attribution should be informed in the text; an authorization document is proving to be sent to the Editorial Board as a supplementary document. It is the responsibility of the authors, not JEAP or editors or reviewers, to inform, in the article, the authors of texts, data, graphics, images and maps previously published elsewhere. If there is any suspicion about the originality of the material, the Editorial Board can check the manuscript for plagiarism. Where plagiarism is confirmed, the document will be returned without further review and the possibility of a new submission. Self-plagiarism (i.e., the use of the same phrases previously published documents by any of the authors) is not acceptable.
Copyright: Author