X-ray computed tomography for estimating density and porosity in reservoir analogous rocks: a study on laminated limestones from the Crato Formation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24221/jeap.9.4.2024.7364.340-355Palavras-chave:
X-ray computed tomography, 4 4´ DDT, Crato Formation, density, porosityResumo
In recent decades, faster and more affordable methods for characterizing reservoir rocks in environmental and geological studies have gained importance, particularly for hydrocarbon exploration and resource management. One promising method is X-Ray Computed Micro-Tomography (XR-uCT), enabling non-destructive analysis of rock properties. However, this technique presents challenges related to image interpretation, property characterization below the voxel scale, and results in comparison across configurations. This study analyzed laminated limestones from the Crato Formation, analogs to the pre-salt Barra Velha Formation, using XR-uCT to estimate density and porosity. These rocks are substitutes for actual reservoir conditions, addressing the challenge of limited subsurface samples. This study assessed the feasibility of XR-uCT for characterizing these properties and understanding the impact of millimeter-scale laminations on their distribution. Calibration values for calcite, the primary mineral, were used to ensure accuracy and repeatability. The results demonstrate that XR-uCT is a viable environmental and geological characterization tool. Laminations due to stratification influenced porosity distribution in the axial direction, with higher concentrations in certain sections of the samples. The porosity values calculated using XR-uCT align relatively well with the gas porosimetry results, with most samples showing a relative difference of less than 10%. However, exceptions were observed in LM4 and T10.2, where the relative difference reached -15.90% and -12.80%, respectively. Despite these challenges, qualitative analysis was achieved. The study highlights the necessity of accounting for mineralogy and calibration in XR-?CT to ensure reliable comparisons across different tomographic systems, enhancing the method’s applicability in environmental and geological studies.Downloads
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Wellington, S. L.; Vinegar, H. J. 1987. X-ray computerized tomography. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 39, (8), 885-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)92264-2
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Zhu, J. B.; Zhou, T.; Liao, Z. Y.; Sun, L.; Li, X. B.; Chen, R. 2018. Replication of internal defects and investigation of mechanical and fracture behaviour of rock using 3D printing and 3D numerical methods in combination with X-ray computerized tomography. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 106, 198-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.022
eservoir rock characterization and tomofacies identification. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 168, 107014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107014
Ketcham, R. A., & Carlson, W. D. (2001). Acquisition, optimization and interpretation of X-ray computed tomographic imagery: applications to the geosciences. Computers & Geosciences, 27(4), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00116-3
Korpics, M., Surucu, M., Mescioglu, I., Alite, F., Block, A. M., Choi, M., Emami, B., Harkenrider, M. M., Solanki, A. A., & Roeske, J. C. (2016). Observer Evaluation of a Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm Applied to Head and Neck Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Images. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 96(4), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.07.028
Liu, C., Buono, G., Pappalardo, L., Shan, X., Yi, J., Shi, Y., & Ventura, G. (2023). X-ray computed microtomography revealing the effects of volcanic, alteration, and burial processes on the pore structure of rocks from unconventional reservoirs (Songliao Basin, NE China). Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 226, 211781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211781
Liu, Q., Sun, M., Sun, X., Liu, B., Ostadhassan, M., Huang, W., Chen, X., & Pan, Z. (2023). Pore network characterization of shale reservoirs through state-of-the-art X-ray computed tomography: A review. Gas Science and Engineering, 113, 204967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgsce.2023.204967
Lv, J., Zhao, J., Jiang, L., Liu, Y., & Mu, H. (2020). A review of micro computed tomography studies on the gas hydrate pore habits and seepage properties in hydrate bearing sediments. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 83, 103555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103555
Marina Abelha, & Eliane Petersohn. (2019). The State of the Art of the Brazilian Pre-Salt Exploration. AAPG Prospect and Property Expo.
Martyushev, D. A., Ponomareva, I. N., Chukhlov, A. S., Davoodi, S., Osovetsky, B. M., Kazymov, K. P., & Yang, Y. (2023). Study of void space structure and its influence on carbonate reservoir properties: X-ray microtomography, electron microscopy, and well testing. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 151, 106192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106192
Michael, A. (2024). Transparent gelatin as a reservoir analogue: Dimensional scaling for hydraulic fracturing laboratory experiments. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 177, 105732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105732
Miranda, T. S., Santos, R. F., Barbosa, J. A., Gomes, I. F., Alencar, M. L., Correia, O. J., Falcão, T. C., Gale, J. F. W., & Neumann, V. H. (2018). Quantifying aperture, spacing and fracture intensity in a carbonate reservoir analogue: Crato Formation, NE Brazil. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 97, 556–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.07.019
Nel, A., & Ribeiro, G. C. (2024). New fossil wings shed light on Lower Cretaceous Araripechlorogomphidae and minimum age of the Chlorogomphoidea (Odonata: Anisoptera): Crato formation, Araripe Basin, NE Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 156, 105811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105811
Pak, T., Archilha, N. L., Berg, S., & Butler, I. B. (2023). Design considerations for dynamic fluid flow in porous media experiments using X-ray computed micro tomography – A review. Tomography of Materials and Structures, 3, 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmater.2023.100017
Pilotto, D., Zanella, R., Magnavita, L., Stanton, N., Oliveira, J. P., & Borghi, L. (2024). The Espadarte transfer zone: Structural architecture and kinematics of an oblique basement high controlling pre-salt geometry in south Campos basin, SE Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 143, 105012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2024.105012
Rossoni, R. B., Porcher, C. C., Koester, E., Sobiesiak, J. S., da Silva, L. A. C., Mexias, A. S., Gomes, M. E. B., Ramnani, C. W., & De Ros, L. F. (2024). The role of compaction in the diagenetic evolution of Pre-Salt Aptian deposits of Santos Basin, Brazil. Sedimentary Geology, 466, 106650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2024.106650
Santos, R. F. V. C., Miranda, T. S., Barbosa, J. A., Gomes, I. F., Matos, G. C., Gale, J. F. W., Neumann, V. H. L. M., & Guimaraes, L. J. N. (2015). Characterization of natural fracture systems: Analysis of uncertainty effects in linear scanline results. AAPG Bulletin, 99(12), 2203–2219. https://doi.org/10.1306/05211514104
Shukla, A., Sahoo, S., & Sarkar, P. (2024). Assessment of micro-structure and flow entrapment in Indian Gondwana shale reservoir using digital rock analysis. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 169, 107066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107066
Soares, J. A., Garcia, A. J. V., Bezerra, F. H. R., Barbosa, J. A., Friedrich, A., Cazarin, C. L., Tabosa, L. D. G., & Coura, R. L. C. (2015). Petrophysics and Rockphysics of Carbonates from Brazil and Portugal. 14th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-6 August 2015, 882–887. https://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2015-173
Storari, A. P., Rodrigues, T., Bantim, R. A. M., Lima, F. J., & Saraiva, A. A. F. (2021). Mass mortality events of autochthonous faunas in a Lower Cretaceous Gondwanan Lagerstätte. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 6976. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85953-5
Taguchi, K., & Khaled, A. (2009). Artifacts in Cardiac Computed Tomographic Images. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 6(8), 590–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2009.05.001
Teles, A. P., Machado, A. C., Pepin, A., Bize-Forest, N., Lopes, R. T., & Lima, I. (2016). Analysis of subterranean Pre-salt carbonate reservoir by X-ray computed microtomography. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 144, 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2016.03.008
Valencia-Gómez, J. C., Cardona, A., Zapata, S., Monsalve, G., Marín, D., Rodríguez-Cuevas, M., Sobel, E. R., Parra, M., & Glodny, J. (2024). Fracture analysis and low-temperature thermochronology of faulted Jurassic igneous rocks in the Southern Colombian Andes: Reservoir and tectonic implications. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 165, 106850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.106850
Vital, J. C. dos S., Ade, M. V. B., Morelatto, R., & Lupinacci, W. M. (2023). Compartmentalization and stratigraphic-structural trapping in pre-salt carbonate reservoirs of the Santos Basin: A case study in the Iara complex. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 151, 106163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106163
Volume Graphics GmbH. (2020). VGSTUDIO MAX 3.4 Reference Manual.
Wang, M., Yang, S., Li, J., Zheng, Z., Wen, J., Ma, Q., Wang, Q., & Chen, H. (2021). Cold water-flooding in a heterogeneous high-pour-point oil reservoir using computerized tomography scanning: Characteristics of flow channel and trapped oil distribution. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 202, 108594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108594
Wellington, S. L., & Vinegar, H. J. (1987). X-ray computerized tomography. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 39(8), 885–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)92264-2
Xie, L., You, Q., Wang, E., Li, T., & Song, Y. (2022). Quantitative characterization of pore size and structural features in ultra-low permeability reservoirs based on X-ray computed tomography. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 208, 109733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109733
Zhu, J. B., Zhou, T., Liao, Z. Y., Sun, L., Li, X. B., & Chen, R. (2018). Replication of internal defects and investigation of mechanical and fracture behaviour of rock using 3D printing and 3D numerical methods in combination with X-ray computerized tomography. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 106, 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.022
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Copyright (c) 2024 Frederico Veiga Ribeiro Gonçalves, Daniel Milian Pérez, Abel Gámez Rodríguez, Yaicel Ge Proenza, Daniel Amancio Duarte, Márcio Fernando Paixão de Brito, Cássia Bezerra Machado, Raquel Milani, Daiane Francisca do Nascimento Silva, Frederico Dias Nunes, Jose Antonio Barbosa, Igor Fernandes Gomes, Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino
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