Infecção por Cytauxzoon spp. em felinos domésticos

Authors

  • Taiã Mairon Peixoto Ribeiro Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Brasil.
  • Helcileia Dias Santos Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína-TO, Brasil.
  • Thássia Silva Reis Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína-TO, Brasil.
  • Sebastiana Adriana Pereira Sousa Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Brasil.
  • Maria Eduarda Chiaradia Furquim Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil.
  • Marcos Rogério André Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil.
  • Valéria de Sá Jayme Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26605/medvet-v13n3-3312

Keywords:

cytauxzoonose, gatos, Felidae.

Abstract

Cytauxzoon spp. são piroplasmas hemoparasitos que parasitam espécimes da família Felidae. A cytauxzoonose é uma enfermidade caracterizada principalmente por sinais clínicos inespecíficos e súbitos. Tem como reservatórios os felídeos silvestres, no entanto já existem relatos de parasitemia crônica em felinos domésticos. A transmissão ocorre principalmente por vetores como carrapatos na América do Norte; já na América do Sul, Europa e Ásia os vetores são ainda desconhecidos. A patogenia decorre da fase de esquizogonia do parasito em macrófagos que causa obstrução de vasos sanguíneos. O tratamento é baseado nos cuidados de suporte e a combinação terapêutica de atovaquona associada à azitromicina tem demonstrando bons resultados. A profilaxia consiste na restrição do acesso de gatos domésticos em áreas arborizadas que possuam a presença de carrapatos e no uso de repelentes-acaricidas. Com esta revisão de literatura, objetivou-se analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos que permitam subsidiar o médico veterinário atuar com rapidez em casos suspeitos de cytauxzoonose. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Allen, K.E.; Thomas, J.E.; Wohltjen, M.L; Reichard, M.V. Transmission of Cytauxzoon felis to domestic cats by Amblyomma americanum nymphs. Parasites & Vectors, 12: 28, 2019.

Alho, A.M.; Silva, J.; Fonseca, M.J.; Santos, F.; Nunes, C.; De Carvalho, L.M.; Rodrigues, M.; Cardoso, L. First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in a domestic cat from Portugal. Parasites & Vectors, 9: 220, 2016.

Alvarado-Rybak, M.; Solano-Gallego, L.; Millán, J. A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation. Parasites & Vectors, 9(1): 538, 2016. André, M.R.; Adania,C.H.; Machado,R.Z.; Allegretti, S.M.; Felippe, P.A.N.; Silva, K.F.; Nakaghi,A.C.H.; Dagnone,A.S. Molecular detection of Cytauxzoon spp. in asymptomatic Brazilian wild captive felids. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 45(1): 234-237, 2009.

André, M.R.; Denardia, N.C.B.; De Sousa, K.C.M.; Gonçalves, L.R.; Henrique, P.C.; Ontivero, C.R.G.R.; Gonzalez, I.H.L.; Nery, C.V.C.; Chagas, C.R.F.; Monticelli, C.; De Santis, C.G.A.; Machado, R.Z. Arthropodborne pathogens circulating in free-roaming domestic cats in a zoo environment in Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 5(5): 545-551, 2014.

André, M.R.; Herrera, H.M.; Fernandes, S.J.; Sousa ,K.C.; Gonçalves, L.R.; Domingos, I.H.; De Macedo ,G.C.; Machado ,R.Z. Tickborne agents in domesticated and stray cats from the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, midwestern Brazil. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 6(6): 779-786, 2015.

André, M.R.; Filgueira, K.D.; Calchi, A.C.; Sousa, K.C.M.; Gonçalves, L.R.; Medeiros, V.B.; Ximenes, P.A.; Lelis, I.C.N.G.; Meireles, M.V.N.; Machado, R.Z. Co-infection with arthropod-borne pathogens in domestic cats. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 26(4): 525-531, 2017.

Antunes, T.R.; Da Silveira, A.W.; De Oliveira, G.G.; Rezende, A.S.; Azuaga, L.B.S.; De Souza, M.L.; De Oliveira, D.R.; Netto, C.R.M.C.; Godoy, K.C.S.; Ramos, C.A.N.; De Souza, A.I. Infecção natural por Cytauxzoon felis em onça parda (Puma concolor) de vida livre proveniente da região sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. PUBVET, 12(1): 1-5, 2018.

Aschenbroich, S.A.; Rech, R.R.; Sousa, R.S.; Carmichael, K.P.; Sakamoto, K. Pathology in practice: Cytauxzoon felis infection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 240(2): 159-161, 2012. Birkenheuer, A.J.; Marr, H.; Alleman, A.R.; Levy, M.G.; Breitschwerdt, E.B. Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for the detection of Cytauxzoon felis DNA in feline blood samples. Veterinary Parasitology, 137(1-2): 144-149, 2006.

Blouin, E.F.; Kocan, A.A.; Glenn, B.L.; Kocan, K.M.; Hair, J.A Transmission of Cytauxzoon felis Kier, 1979 from bobcats, Felis rufus (Schreber), to domestic cats by Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 20(3): 241-242, 1984.

Blouin, E.F.; Kocan, A.A.; Kocan, K.M.; Hair, J. Evidence of a limited schizogonous cycle for Cytauxzoon felis in bobcats following exposure to infected ticks. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 23(3): 499-501, 1987.

Brasil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde: acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde, acidentes e violências: Brasil, grandes regiões e unidades da federação. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2015. Disponível em: <https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livr os/liv94074.pdf>. Accesso em: 14 fev. 2018.

Brown, H.M.; Latimer, K.S.; Erikson, L.E.; Cashwell, M.E.; Britt, J.O.; Peterson, D.S. Detection of persistent Cytauxzoon felis infection by polymerase chain reaction in three asymptomatic domestic cats. The Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 20(4): 485-488, 2008.

Carli, E.; Trotta, M.; Chinelli, R.; Drigo, M.; Sinigoi, L.; Tosolini, P.; Furlanello, T.; Millotti, A.; Caldin, M.; Solano-Gallego, L. Cytauxzoon sp. infection in the first endemic focus described in domestic cats in Europe. Veterinary Parasitology, 183(3-4): 343-352, 2012.

Carli, E.; Trotta, M.; Bianchi, E.; Furlanello, T.; Caldin, M.; Pietrobelli, M.; Solano-Gallego, L. Cytauxzoon sp. infection in two free ranging young cats: clinicopathological findings, therapy and follow up. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 38(3): 185-189, 2014.

Clarke, L.L.; Rissi, D.R. Neuropathology of natural Cytauxzoon felis infection in domestic cats. Veterinary Pathology, 52(6):1167-1171, 2015. Clarke, L.L.; Krimer, P.M; Rissi, D.R. Glial changes and evidence for apoptosis in the brain of cats infected by Cytauxzoon felis. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 156(2-3): 147-151, 2017.

Conner, B.J.; Hanel, R.M.; Brooks, M.B.; Cohn, L.A.; Birkenheuer, A.J. Coagulation abnormalities in 5 cats with naturally occurring cytauxzoonosis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 25(4): 538545, 2015.

Cohn, L.A. Infecções por Cytauxzoon. In: August, J.R. Medicina Interna Felina. 6th Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Saunders, 2011. p. 27-35.

Cohn, L.A.; Birkenheuer, A.J.; Brunker, J.D.; Ratcliff, E.R.; Craig, A.W. Efficacy of atovaquone and azithromycin or imidocarb dipropionate in cats with acute cytauxzoonosis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(1): 55-60, 2011.

Cohn, L.A.; Birkenheuer, A.J. Cytauxzoonosis, In: Greene, C.E, editor. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 4th Ed. St Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2012. p. 764-771.

Cowell, R.L.; Fox, J.C.; Panciera, R.J.; Tyler, R.D. Detection of anticytauxzoon antibodies in cats infected with a Cytauxzoon organism from bobcats. Veterinary Parasitology, 28(1-2): 4352, 1988.

Criado-Fornelio, A.; Martinez-Marcos, A.; BulingSarana, A.; Barba-Carretero, J.C. Molecular studies on Babesia, Theileria and Hepatozoon in southern Europe. Part II. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary history. Veterinary Parasitology, 114(3): 173-194, 2003.

Criado-Fornelio, A.; Buling, A.; Pingret, J.L.; Etievant, M.; Boucraut-Baralon, C.; Alongi, A.; Agnone, A.; Torina, A. Hemoprotozoa of domestic animals in France: prevalence and molecular characterization. Veterinary Parasitology, 159(1): 73-76, 2009.

De Sousa, K.C.M.; Fernandes, M.P.; Herrera, H.M.; Freschi, C.R.; Machado, R.Z.; André, M.R. Diversity of piroplasmids among wild and domestic mammals and ectoparasites in Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Ticks and TickBorne Diseases, 9(2): 245-253, 2018.

Díaz-Regañón, D.; Villaescusa, A.; Ayllón, T.; Rodríguez-Franco, F.; Baneth, G.; CallejaBueno, L.; García-Sancho, M.; Agulla, B.; Sainz, A. Molecular detection of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon sp. in domestic and stray cats from Madrid, Spain. Parasites & Vectors, 10: 112, 2017. Driscoll, C.A.; Clutton-Brock, J.; Kitchen, A.C.; O’Brien, E.J. The taming of the domestic cat. Genetic and archaeological findings hint that wildcats became housecats earlier--and in a different place--than previously thought. Scientific American, 300 (6): 68-75, 2009.

Filoni, C.; Catão-Dias, J.L.; Cattori, V.; Willi, B.; Meli, M.L.; Corrêa, S.H.R.; Marques, M.C.; Adania, C.H.; Silva, J.C.R.; Marvulo, M.F.V.; Ferreira Neto, J.S.; Durigon, E.L.; De Carvalho, V.M.; Coutinho, S.D.; Lutz, H.; HofmannLehmann, R. Surveillance using serological and molecular methods for the detection of infectious agents in captive Brazilian neotropic and exotic felids. The Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 24(1): 166-173, 2012.

Furtado, M.M.; Taniwaki, S.A.; Metzger, B.,; Dos Santos Paduan, K.; O'Dwyer, H.L.; De Almeida Jácomo, A.T.; Porfírio, G.E.O.; Silveira, L.; Sollmann, R.; Tôrres, N.M.; Ferreira Neto, J.S. Is the free-ranging jaguar (Panthera onca) a reservoir for Cytauxzoon felis in Brazil? Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 8(4): 470-476, 2017.

Gallusová, M.; Jirsová, D.; Mihalca, A.D.; Gherman, C.M.; D'Amico, G.; Qablan, M.A.;Modrý, D. Cytauxzoon infections in wild felids from Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space: further evidence for a different Cytauxzoon species in European felids. Journal of Parasitology, 102(3): 377-380, 2016.

Grindem, C.B.; Tyler, R.D.; Cowell, R.L. The Bone marrow. In: Coweel, R.L.; Tyler, R.D.; Meinkoth, J.H.; De Nicola, D.B. Diagnostic citology and hematology of the dog and cat. 3 rd Ed. Saint Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2008. p. 422-450.

Hodžić, A.; Alićb, A.; Duscher, G.G. High diversity of blood-associated parasites and bacteria in European wild cats in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A molecular study. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 9(3): 589-593, 2018. Jakob, W.; Wesemeier, H.H. A fatal infection in a bengal tiger resembling cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 114(4): 439-444, 1996.

Jinnai, M.; Kawabuchi-Kurata, T.; Tsuji, M.; Nakajima, R.; Hirata, H.; Fujisawa, K.; Shiraki, H.; Asakawa, M.; Nasuno, T.; Ishihara, C. Molecular evidence of the multiple genotype infection of a wild Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) by Babesia sp. UR1. Veterinary Parasitology, 173(1-2): 128-133, 2010.

Kelly, P.; Marabini, L.; Dutlow, K.; Zhang, J.; Loftis, A.; Wang, C. Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in captive wild felids, Zimbabwe. Parasites & Vectors, 7: 514, 2014.

Ketz-Riley, C.J.; Reichard, M.V.; Van Den Bussche, R.A.; Hoover, J.P.; Meinkoth, J.; Kocan, A.A. An Intraerythrocytic Small Piroplasm In Wild-caught Pallas’s Cats (Otocolobus manul) from Mongolia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 39(2): 424-430, 2003.

Khana, D.B.; Peterson D.S.; Stanton, J.B.; Schreeg, M.E.; Birkenheuer, A.J.; Tarigo, J.L. Genetic conservation of Cytauxzoon felis antigens and mRNA expression in the schizont life-stage. Veterinary Parasitology, 263: 49-53, 2018.

LeClaire, S.; Menard, S.; Berry, A. Molecular characterization of Babesia and Cytauxzoon species in wild South-African meerkats. Parasitology, 142(4): 543-548, 2014.

Legroux, J-P.; Halos,L.; René-Martellet, M.; Servonnet, M.; Pingret, J-L.; Bourdoiseau, G.; Baneth, G.; Chabanne, L. First clinical case report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in a domestic cat in France. BMC Veterinary Research, 13: 81, 2017.

Lewis, K.M.; Cohn, L.A.; Birkenheuer, A.J. Lack of evidence for perinatal transmission of Cytauxzoon felis in domestic cats. Veterinary Parasitology, 188(1-2): 172-174, 2012.

Lloret, A.; Addie, D.D.; Boucraut-Baralon, C.; Egberink, H.; Frymus, T.; Gruffydd-Jones, T.; Hartmann, K.; Horzinek, M.C.; Hosie, M.J.; Lutz, H.; Marsilio, F.; Pennisi, M.G.; Radford, A.D.; Thiry, E.; Truyen, U.; Möstl, K. Cytauxzoonosis in cats: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 17(7): 637-641, 2015.

Maia, L.M.P.; Cerqueira, A.M.F.; Macieira, D.B.; De Souza, A.M.; Moreira, N.S.; Da Silva, A.V.; Messick, J.B.; Ferreira, R.F.; Almosny, N.R.P. Cytauxzoon felis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ coinfection in a Brazilian domestic cat (Felis catus). Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 22(2): 289-291, 2013.

Malheiros, J.; Costa, M.M.; do Amaral, R.B.; de Sousa, K.C.M.; André, M.R.; Machado, R.Z.; Vieira, M.I.B. Identification of vectorborne pathogens in dogs and cats from Southern Brazil. Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases, 7(5): 893-900, 2016.

Meekins, J.; Cino-Ozuna A.G. Histologic identification of intraocular Cytauxzoon felis in three cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 4(2): 1-5, 2018.

Meinkoth, J.; Kocan, A.A, Whitworth, L.; Murphy, G.; Fox, J.C.; Woods, J.P. Cats surviving natural infection with Cytauxzoon felis: 18 cases (1997-1998). Journal of Veterinay Internal Medicine, 14(5): 521-525, 2000. Meinkoth, J.H.; Kocan, A.A. Feline cytauxzoonosis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal, 35(1): 89-101, 2005.

Meli, M.L.; Cattori, V.; Martínez, F.; López, G.; Vargas, A.; Simón, M.A.; Zorrilla, I.; Muñoz, A.; Palomares, F.; López-Bao, J.V.; Pastor, J.;Tandon, R.; Willi, B.; Hofmann Lehmann, R.; Lutz, H. Feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). PLoS One, 4(3): e4744, 2009. Mendes-de-Almeida, F.; Labarthe, N.; Guerrero, J.; Faria, M.C.; Branco, A.S.; Pereira, C.D.; Barreira, J.D.; Pereira, M.J. Follow-up of the health conditions of an urban colony of freeroaming cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 147(1-2): 9-15, 2007.

Nagamori, Y.; Slovak, J.E.; Reichard, M.V.; Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis infection in healthy free-roaming cats in north-central Oklahoma and central Iowa. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports, 2(1): 14, 2016.

Nentwig, A.; Meli, M.L.; Schrack, J.; Reichler, I.M.; Riond, B.; Gloor, C.; Howard, J.; Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Willi, B. First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in domestic cats in Switzerland: natural and transfusiontransmitted infections. Parasites & Vectors, 11(1): 292, 2018.

Nietfeld, J.C.; Pollock, C. Fatal cytauxzoonosis in a free-ranging Bobcat (Lynx rufus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 38(3): 607-610, 2002. O'Donoghue, P. Haemoprotozoa: Making biological sense of molecular phylogenies. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 6(3): 241-256, 2017.

Ottoni, C.; Neer, W.V.; De Cupere, B.; Daligault, J.; Guimarães, S.; Peters, J.; Spassov, N.; Prendergast, M.E.; Boivin, N.; Morales-Muñiz, A.; Bălăşescu, A.; Becker, C.; Benecke, N.; Boroneant, A.; Buitenhuis, H.; Chahoud, J.; Crowther, A.; Llorente, L.; Manaseryan, N.; Monchot, H.; Onar, V.; Osypińska, M.; Putelat, O.; Morales, E.M.Q.; Studer, J.; Wierer, U.; Decorte, R.; Grange, T.; Geigl, E-M. The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 1(7): 0139, 2017. Peixoto, P.V.; Soares, C.O.; Scofield, A.; Santiago, C.D.; Franca, T.N.; Barros, S.S. Fatal cytauxzoonosis in captive-reared lions in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 145(3-4): 383-387, 2007.

Pollard, D.A.; Reichard, M.V.; Cohn, L.A.; James, A.M.; Holman, P.J. Genetic variability of cloned Cytauxzoon felis ribosomal RNA ITS1 and ITS2 genomic regions from domestic cats with varied clinical outcomes from five states.Veterinary Parasitology, 244: 136-143, 2017.

Raghavan, R.K.; Almes, K.; Goodin, D.G.; Harrington Junior, J.A.; Stackhouse Junior, P.W. Spatially heterogeneous land cover/land use and climatic risk factors of tick-borne feline cytauxzoonosis. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 14(7): 486-495, 2014.

Rassouli, M.; Sabouri, S.; Goudarzi, A.; Parsa, M. Cytauxzoon felis in a stray cat in Iran. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(1): 7577, 2015. Reichard, M.V.; Van Den Bussche, R.A.; Meinkoth, J.H.; Hoover, J.P.; Kocan, A.A. A new species of Cytauxzoon from pallas' cats caught in Mongolia and comments on the systematics and taxonomy of piroplasmids. Journal of Parasitology, 91(2): 420-426, 2005.

Reichard, M.V.; Baum, K.A.; Cadenhead, S.C.; Snider, T.A. Temporal occurrence and environmental risk factors associated with cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats. Veterinary Parasitology, 152(3-4): 314-320, 2008. Reichard, M.V.; Meinkoth, J.H.; Edwards, A.C.; Snider, T.A.; Kocan, K.M.; Blouin, E.F.; Little, S.E. Transmission of Cytauxzoon felis to a domestic cat by Amblyomma americanum. Veterinary Parasitology, 161(1-2): 110-115, 2009.

Reichard, M.V.; Edwards, A.C.; Meinkoth, J.H.; Snider, T.A.; Meinkoth, K.R.; Heinz, R.E.; Little, S.E. Confirmation of Amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) as a vector for Cytauxzoon felis (piroplasmorida: theileriidae) to domestic cats. Journal of Medical Entomology, 47(5): 890-896, 2010.

Reichard, M.V.; Thomas, J.E.; Arther, R.G.; Hostetler, J.A.; Raetzel, K.L.; Meinkoth, J.H.; Little, S.E. Efficacy of an imidacloprid 10 % / flumethrin 4.5 % collar (Seresto®, Bayer) for preventing the transmission of Cytauxzoon felis to domestic cats by Amblyomma americanum. Parasitology Research, 112 (Suplemento 1): 11-20, 2013.

Reichard, M.V.; Rugg, J.J.; Thomas, J.E.; Allen, K.E.; Barret, A.W.; Murray, J.K.; Herrin, B.H.; Beam, R.A.; King, V.L.; Vatta, A.F. Efficacy of a topical formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner against induced infestations of Amblyomma americanum on cats and prevention of Cytauxzoon felis transmission. Veterinary Parasitology, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.018 (aceito com doi). Rizzi, T.E.; Reichard, M.V.; Cohn, L.A.; Birkenheuer, A.J.; Taylor, J.D.; Meinkoth, J.H. Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis infection in healthy cats from enzootic areas in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Parasites & Vectors, 8: 13, 2015.

Schreeg, M.E.; Marr, H.S.; Tarigo, J.L.; Cohn, L.A.; Bird, D.M.; Scholl, E.H.; Levy M.G.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Birkenheuer, A.J. Mitochondrial genome sequences and structures aid in the resolution of piroplasmida phylogeny. PLoS One, 11(11): e0165702, 2016.

Schreeg, M.E.; Marr, H.S.; Tarigo, J.L.; Sherrill, M.K.; Outi, H.K.; Scholl, E.H.; Bird, D.M.; Vigil, A.; Hung, C.; Nakajima, R.; Liang, L.; Trieu, A.; Doolan, D.L.; Thomas, J.E.; Levy, M.G.; Reichard, M.V.; Felgner, P.L.; Cohn, L.A.; Birkenheuer, A.J. Identification of Cytauxzoon felis antigens via protein microarray and assessment of expression library immunization against cytauxzoonosis. Clinical Proteomics, 15: 44, 2018.

Shindel, N.; Dardiri, A.H.; Ferris, D.H. An indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of Cytauxzoon-like organisms in experimentally infected cats. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine, 42(4): 460-465, 1978. Shock, B.C.; Murphy, S.M.; Patton, L.L.; Shock, P.M.; Olfenbuttel, C.; Beringer, J.; Prange, S.; Grove, D.M.; Peek, M.; Butfiloski, J.W.; Hughes, D.W.; Lockhart, J.M.; Bevins, S.N.; Van d eWoude, S.; Crooks, K.R.; Nettles, V.F.; Brown, H.M.; Peterson, D.S.; Yabsley, M.J. Distribution and prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis in bobcats (Lynx rufus), the natural reservoir, and other wild felids in thirteen states. Veterinary Parasitology, 175(3-4): 325-330, 2011.

Shock, B.C.; Birkenheuer, A.J.; Patton, L.L.; Olfenbuttel, C.; Beringer, J.; Grove, D.M.; Peek, M.; Butfiloski, J.W.; Hughes, D.W.; Lockhart, J.M.; Cunningham, M.W.; Brown, H.M.; Peterson, D.S.; Yabsley, M.J. Variation in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rRNA genomic regions of Cytauxzoon felis from bobcats and pumas in the eastern United States and comparison with sequences from domestic cats. Veterinary Parasitology, 190(1-2): 29-35, 2012.

Sherrill, M.K.; Cohn, L.A. Cytauxzoonosis: diagnosis and treatment of an emerging disease. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 17(11): 940-948, 2015.

Snider, T.A.; Confer, A.W.; Payton, M.E. Pulmonary histopathology of Cytauxzoon felis infections in the cat. Veterinary Pathology, 47(4): 698-702, 2010.

Soares, H.S.; Marcili, A.; Barbieri, A.R.M.; Minervino, A.H.H.; Moreira, T.R.; Gennari, S.M.; Labruna, M.B. Novel piroplasmid and Hepatozoon organisms infecting the wildlife of two regions of the Brazilian Amazon. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 6(2):115-121, 2017.

Spada, E.; Proverbio, D.; Galluzzo, P.; Perego, R.; De Giorgi, G.B.; Roggero, R.; Caracappa, S. Frequency of Piroplasms Babesia microti and Cytauxzoon felis in Stray Cats from Northern Italy. BioMed Research International, 2014: 1-6. ID 943754, 2014.

Tarigo, J.L; Scholl, E.H.; McKBird, D.; Brown, C.C.; Cohn, L.A.; Dean, G.A.; Levy, M.G.; Doolan, D.L.; Trieu, A.; Nordone, S.K.; Felgner, P.L.; Vigil, A.; Birkenheuer, A.J. A novel candidate vaccine for cytauxzoonosis inferred from comparative apicomplexan genomics. PLoS One, 8(8): e71233, 2013. Thomas, J.E.; Ohmes, C.M.; Payton, M.E.; Hostetler, J.A.; Reichard, M.V. Minimum transmission time of Cytauxzoon felis by Amblyomma americanum to domestic cats in relation to duration of infestation, and investigation of ingestion of infected ticks as a potential route of transmission. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 20(2): 67-72, 2018. Veronesi, F.; Ravagnan, S.; Cerquetella, M.; Carli, E.; Olivieri, E.; Santoro ,A.; Pesaro, S.; Berardi, S.; Rossi, G.; Ragni, B.; Beraldo, P.; Capelli, G. First detection of Cytauxzoon spp. infection in European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) of Italy. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 7(5): 853-858, 2016.

Wagner, J.E. A fatal cytauxzoonosis-like disease in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 168(7): 585-588, 1976.

Wagner, J.E.; Ferris, D.H.; Kier, A.B.; Wightman, S.R.; Maring, E.; Morehouse, L.G.; Hansen, R.D. Experimentally induced cytauxzoonosislike disease in domestic cats. Veterinary Parasitology, 6(4): 305-311, 1980. Wang, J.L.; Li, T.T.; Liu, G.H.; Zhu, X.Q.; Yao, C. Two Tales of Cytauxzoon felis Infections in Domestic Cats. Clinical Microbiology Review, 30(4): 861-885, 2017.

Wardrop, K.J.; Birkenheuer, A.; Blais, M.C.; Callan, M.B.; Kohn, B.; Lappin, M.R.; Sykes, J. Update on canine and feline blood donor screening for blood‐borne pathogens. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(1): 1535, 2016.

Weisman, J.L.; Woldemeskel, M.; Smith, K.D.; Merrill, A.; Miller, D. Blood smear from a pregnant cat that died shortly after partial abortion. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 36(2): 209-211, 2007.

Zaeemi, M.; Razmi, G.R.; Khoshnegah, J. The first detection of Cytauxzoon felis in a wild cat (Felis silvestris) in Iran.Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(1): 181-184, 2015.

Zieman, E.A.; Jiménez, F.A.; Nielsen, C.K. Concurrent Examination of Bobcats and Ticks Reveals High Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis in Southern Illinois. Journal of Parasitology, 103(4): 343-348, 2017.

Zieman, E.A.; Nielsen, C.K.; Jiménez, F.A. Chronic Cytauxzoon felis infections in wildcaught bobcats (Lynx rufus). Veterinary Parasitology, 252(15): 67-69, 2018.

Zou, F-C.; Li, Z.; Yang, J-F.; Chang, J-Y, Liu, GH.; Lv, Y., Zhu, X-Q. Cytauxzoon felis Infection in Domestic Cats, Yunnan Province, China, 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25(2): 353-354, 2019.

Published

2020-04-23

How to Cite

Ribeiro, T. M. P., Santos, H. D., Reis, T. S., Sousa, S. A. P., Furquim, M. E. C., André, M. R., & Jayme, V. de S. (2020). Infecção por Cytauxzoon spp. em felinos domésticos. Medicina Veterinária, 13(3), 362–374. https://doi.org/10.26605/medvet-v13n3-3312

Issue

Section

Small Animal Clinic and Surgery