Circovirus infection in psittacine birds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26605/medvet-v16n4-5367Keywords:
PBFD; Psittaciformes; Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease; Emerging virusesAbstract
Circovirus is a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus and the etiological agent of avian circovirus, that commonly affects parrots causing Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD). The disease is highly contagious and lethal, being considered exotic in Brazil. The aim of the present review is to describe the main viral and clinical characteristics of circovirus infection in Psittaciformes Order. Circovirus is easily disseminated and its transmission occurs mostly by aerosols and feather dust. The main clinical signs involve alterations and dystrophies of feathers and, to a lesser extent, alterations in the beak. Its clinical manifestation occurs according to the age and immunological condition of the bird, and may be presented in the hyperacute, acute and chronic form. Due to its immunosuppressive characteristic, death from secondary diseases is commonly reported. Currently, the main laboratorial diagnostic method is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There is no effective treatment for circovirus infection (PBFD) and the euthanasia is indicated to control the disease. Strict quarantine and hygiene measures must be applied to prevent the spread of the agent within a flock and, mainly, to avoid the viral escape for free living. This is especially necessary in Brazil, a country that has a rich diversity of parrot species.Downloads
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