Omphaloarteritis in bovine neonate: case report

Abstract

Omphaloarteritis, an inflammation of the umbilical arteries, is a rare cause of infection in the umbilical remnants of neonatal calves, often associated with inadequate management, poor hygienic conditions, and failures in the transfer of passive immunity. The objective was to report the case of a 30kg heifer presenting with swelling and vascular structures in the umbilical region, with no improvement from initial topical treatment. Physical examination revealed fever, mild dehydration, and pain upon umbilical palpation, with ultrasonography showing umbilical arteries with hyperechoic content, indicating inflammation and thrombosis. Treatment included surgical resection of the affected arteries, followed by antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Histopathology confirmed chronic inflammation with neutrophilic infiltration and bacterial colonization. The study underscores the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment for umbilical infections, reinforcing the need for proper management and hygiene practices, as well as the transfer of passive immunity. Preventive measures, such as proper colostrum administration and umbilical disinfection, are crucial to avoid infections. Separating neonates from adult animals and maintaining a hygienic environment are essential to minimize risks. This case highlights the significance of rigorous preventive practices and precise therapeutic interventions to promote calf health and prevent significant economic losses in cattle herds.